What is Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) and How Can it Be Treated?
Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) and Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) are both connective tissue disorders that fall on a spectrum of symptom severity. HSD is a disorder that includes individuals with joint hypermobility and associated symptoms that do not meet the strict diagnostic criteria for specific types of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, including hEDS.
hEDS, on the other hand, is a subtype of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by specific clinical features including joint hypermobility, skin involvement, and potential genetic underpinnings.
Treatment and management strategies are similar for both HSD and hEDS but vary based on the individual’s symptoms and comorbidities. Comorbidities commonly associated include CCI (craniocervical Instability), MCAS (mast cell activation syndrome), dysautonomia (commonly POTS but not always), gastroparesis, or other digestive concerns, and ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome)
Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD):
- Definition: HSD is a broader classification encompassing individuals with joint hypermobility and related symptoms who do not meet all the diagnostic criteria for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS).
- Criteria: Diagnosis is based on joint hypermobility using standardized scoring systems like the Beighton score (usually ≥4/9), plus additional symptoms and history such as ongoing joint pain, soft tissue injuries, and dislocations or subluxations.
- Genetics: There is no specific known genetic mutation associated with HSD.
- Symptoms: Joint hypermobility and related symptoms can vary widely in severity and impact on daily life. Individuals may experience chronic pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal issues, immune system dysregulation, autonomic nervous system disorders, and other systemic manifestations.
- Management: An integrative approach tailors treatment to each individual’s needs, aiming for a balanced management plan that addresses physical symptoms, comorbidities (listed above), and overall quality of life. Regular monitoring and adjustments to the treatment plan are essential to optimize outcomes.